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1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
2     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
4<head><!--#set var="title"        value="Broadcasting"
5   --><!--#set var="location"     value="rundfunk"
6   --><!--#set var="part"         value="communication"
7   --><!--#set var="url_de"       value="kommunikationstechnik/rundfunk.shtm"
8   --><!--#set var="prev"         value="../"
9   --><!--#set var="prev_title"   value="Start"
10   --><!--#set var="next"         value="sound_technology.shtm"
11   --><!--#set var="next_title"   value="Sound recording and reproducing technology"
12 --><title>Technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" --></title>
13
14    <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/head.inc.shtm" -->
15    <meta name="keywords" lang="de" content="Rundfunk, Signalbau Huth, E 72, Telefunken W9, K&ouml;rting Ultramar, Telefunken 650, Kofferempf&auml;nger, Metz" />
16    <meta name="keywords" lang="en" content="Broadcasting, broadcast devices, museum, Signalbau Huth, Telefunken W9, K&ouml;rtng Ultramar, Telefunken 650, Metz" />
17    <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id: broadcasting.shtm 140 2010-01-10 05:05:19Z incubator $" />
18</head>
19<body>
20<!--#echo encoding="none" var="heading" -->
21<div id="content">
22    <h2><!--#echo var="title" --></h2>
23
24    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
25        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/neuer-ausschnitt-rundfunkecke.jpg" alt="Photography from the museum: A partial view of the broadcasting corner" width="594" height="418" />
26        <p class="bildtext">
27            Some of the broadcast devices in the exhibition &ndash; from left to right:
28            the twenties, early thirties, mid-thirties, late thirties,
29            early fifties.
30        </p>
31    </div>
32       
33        <p>Broadcasting was launched in Germany in 1923, being the third country in
34           the world (right after the USA (1921) and Great Britain (1922)). From the
35           technical point, it even would have been possible to launch large-scale
36           broadcasting in 1920.</p>
37           
38        <!-- Absatz mit dem amtlich anerkannten Firmen (RTV-Stempel)
39             => Weglassen laut Heriberts Direktive (Januar 2010) -->
40                 
41    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
42            <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/seibt-edr16.jpg" width="600" height="383" alt="Seibt detector EDR 16" />
43                <p class="bildtext">
44                    <b>Seibt EDR 16</b>
45                </p>
46        </div>
47       
48        <p>Detectors are passive tuners which are powered straight from the electromagnetic
49           wave which is recieved via a very big antenna. Therefore there was only a
50           headphones plug and no loudspeakers at all. To adjust the device, the user had
51           to poke with a small needle on a crystal, having only a small chance to recieve
52           a powerful broadcast station. The crystal was a small 5&nbsp;mm galena or pyrite
53           unit with physical characteristics of a diode at some special configurations.
54           If the user found such a configuration, the crystal served as rectifier.
55           In the early 1920s, this setup was a cheap alternative to the expansive radio sets.
56           At the right hand in the picture you can see a typical manual to instruct
57           the user into early radio technology.</p>
58           
59        <p>It is astonishing to see the incredible speed of the development of broadcasting
60           systems. Beginning with very simple devices like the one above, using crystals
61           for demulation, the technology became mature very quickly. This process took
62           no more than 15 years from the first steps to near perfection.
63           This development is reflected in the apperance of the devices as well. While
64           the first recievers were of a very technical design, later devices turned into
65           wonderful pieces of furniture, fitting neatly into the average upper class
66           household. We have illustrated this page with examples from both types of
67           devices.</p>
68       
69<!-- old version -->   
70<!--   
71    <p>It is astonishing to see the incredible pace at which the development of
72       broadcasting systems took place. Beginning with very simple devices using
73       crystals for demodulation the technology matured very fast and resulted
74       in the design and development of high performance transmitters and receivers
75       employing super heterodyning and the like.
76       This paved the way from simple crystal receivers which required special
77       skills to operate to everyday radios which were easy to operate and soon
78       could be found in nearly every household. A process which took a mere 15
79       years from its first steps to near perfection.
80       This development is reflected in the appearance of the devices as well. While
81       the first receivers were of a very technical design, later devices turned into
82       wonderful pieces of furniture, fitting neatly into the average household and
83       denying the fact that the receiver itself was a rather complicated piece of
84       equipment. This page shows some selected examples from the collection of the
85       museum which contains about 150 different receivers.
86    </p>
87-->
88
89<!-- Very old version -->
90<!--
91      <p>The short time between the moderate launch of broadcasting in the early 1920s
92          and its perfection is amazing. The era of broadcasting began in Germany in 1923,
93          at first with very limited reception quality. 15 years later the quality of
94          reception was almost perfect. At the beginning the apparatures had a very
95          technical design (exactly like today), but since the 30s the radio apparatures
96          changed to partially attractive pieces of furniture. Chosen examples from the
97          museum-holding (150 pieces) for both kinds are shown on this page.</p>
98-->
99
100    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
101            <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/saba1927.jpg" width="600" height="451" alt="Photography of the Saba 1927" />
102                <p class="bildtext">
103                    This is a reciever made by <b>SABA</b> (year of manufacture 1927) with
104                        open cover. You can see three inductors and rotary capacitors. Therefore
105                        this kind of device is called "three-step-oscillator". The device is
106                        decorated with marquetries (not visible in the picture detail) and even
107                        the interior is made of veneerd exotic woods.
108                </p>
109    </div>
110       
111        <p>In the 1920s, the electric power supply has not been installed all over the
112           country yet, therefore the first broadcasting recievers were made for
113           battery operation. Therefore listening loudly and frequently to the radio
114           was an expensive buiseness, since batteries discharged quickly.
115           <br/>The following devices were ready for the mains supply.</p>
116
117    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
118        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/huth.jpg" width="600" height="385" alt="HUTH-Empf&auml;nger (HUTH-Receiver)" />
119        <p class="bildtext">Receiver made by <b>Signalbau Huth</b> (model E72):
120            This is an example of a cheap receiver made in 1928. The sound quality
121                        is rather bad, especially with that horn loudspeaker, made out of metal.
122                        Listening to the radio was sensational, but not luxurious.
123                </p>
124    </div>
125       
126        <!--
127      <div class="box left">
128         <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telefunken_w90.jpg" width="307" height="371" alt="Telefunken W9" class="nomargin-bottom" />
129         <p class="bildtext">Wealthy people could afford a <b>Telefunken W9</b>
130           (shown in the picture on the left) which was available during the
131           same time frame. Equipped with an Acrophon loudspeaker it featured
132           a rich sound although with very limited bass. In addition to this
133           the receiver was quite sensible and could even receive stations
134           far away while the cheap model above was limited to the reception
135           of local broadcast stations.</p>
136         <div class="clear">&nbsp;</div>
137      </div>
138         -->
139
140       
141        <p>There have always been companies which built very stylish devices. You could
142           already take a look at the Saba device. The Telefunken <b>T 40W</b> is another
143           representative of such a device with a very nice interior. In the following,
144           you can gain an extraordinary insight into this device.
145
146    <div class="box left clear-after">
147        <a href="/en/devices/telefunken_t40w.shtm"><img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telefunken_t40w/klein.jpg" alt="Photography of the Telefunken T40W" class="nomargin-bottom"></a>
148        <p class="bildtext">
149            Clicking on the picture yields the innards of the
150                        <a href="/en/devices/telefunken_t40w.shtm" class="go">Telefunken T 40W</a>.
151            </p>
152    </div>
153
154        <p>The following pictures show some recievers of outstanding design
155           and outstanding technical features. The picture gallery could be
156           continued with open end.
157           <br/>Many other curiosities can be found in our museum, and there's
158           no epoch without an outstanding audio experience: Detector devices,
159           battery driven recievers (1920s), "Luxus-Super" (1930s), early
160           radiogramophones (1932) and the first postwar recievers with
161           motor-channel search and cable-remote control: SABA Freiburg 3D
162           (1954). This milestone features five built-in speakers, having
163           such an impressing sound that even today's people with all their
164           consumer electronics are faszinated of this 50 years old device.
165           Overall, you can get an impression how broadcasting was experienced
166           two or three generations ago.
167        </p>
168       
169<!-- Alter Text -->
170<!--
171    <p>The following pictures show some receivers of outstanding design
172       and outstanding technical properties. Apart from these the
173       museum's collection contains a lot of different receivers
174       covering all stages of the development of public radio
175       broadcasting.
176       These receivers include crystal radios, battery powered receivers
177       from the 1920s, a 'Luxus Super' (1930s) as well as the first postwar
178       receiver equipped with motorized search functionality and remote
179       control by cable, the SABA Freiburg 3D. The sound of this receiver
180       is so rich and impressive that even young people are faszinated and
181       admire this 50 year old technical miracle.</p>
182-->
183           
184<!-- ganz alter Text -->
185<!--
186      <p>The next two pictures show two apparatures that point out themselves optically
187          and also technically, but the picture gallery could be continued without stopping.
188      <br />Many other curiosities can be admired in the museum, an audio experience
189          is possible in every epoch: detectors, batterie-receivers (1920s), "Luxus-Super"
190          (1930s) and at the end the first postwar receivers with motor-channel search and
191          cable-remote control: SABA Freiburg 3D. The sound of this milestone with 5 built-in
192          loudspeakers is so impressing that even CD-spoiled kids would stand wondering in
193          front of this nearly 50-years old apparature.
194      <br />All in all you see how broadcasting was two or three generations ago and how
195          fast the aparatures developed.</p>
196-->
197
198    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
199            <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telefunken650,500.jpg" width="700" height="419" alt="Telefunken 650 and Telefunken 500" />
200                <p class="bildtext">
201                    <b>Telefunken T650 and T500</b>
202                </p>
203        </div>
204       
205        <p>Loudspeakers were integrated into broadcasting devices since about 1932.
206           Furthermore the devices were (of course) still adapted to contemporary
207           style. These Telefunken export devices (T650 and T500) especially stick
208           out. Being built as "super" models (improving recieve quality by generating
209           an intermediate frequency) the technical working was very good.
210        </p>
211
212    <div class="box left clear-after">
213        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telefunken,musikschrank.jpg" width="350" height="610" alt="Telefunken radiogramophone" />
214        <p class="bildtext">
215            Having intelligent all-in-one furniture suitable for all kinds of music is an old dream
216            which appeared some years after the introducion of mass broadcasting. The radiogramophone
217            on the left is the <b>Telefunken 650 GK</b> from 1931/32. The record player was quite
218            modern, featuring a magnetic system and electric motor. On the other hand it still used
219            gramophone needles and the needlessly weighty pick-up stressed the records.
220            Nevertheless the sound quality of the radiogramophone was much better, compared to an
221            ordinary gramophone player. The chassis is made out of noble walnut trees, therefore
222            this piece of furniture was very expensive.
223        </p>
224    </div>
225
226    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
227        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/ultramar3.jpg" width="600" height="533" alt="K&ouml;rting Ultramar" />
228        <p class="bildtext">
229                    <b>K&ouml;rting Ultramar</b>: One of the most
230            nobel, most complex and most expensive recievers made in 1935.
231            Its circuitry contains 11 vacuum tubes driving two loudspeakers
232            which results in an astonishable quality of sound. See also
233            some pictures showing the <a class="go" name="backlink-ultramar"
234                        href="/en/devices/ultramar_back.shtm">Innards of the Ultramar</a>.
235                </p>
236    </div>
237
238      <div class="box left clear-after">
239          <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/metz,koffer.jpg" width="400" height="333" alt="Metz portable reciever" />
240          <p class="bildtext">The portable reveceiver from Metz, built in
241            1956 and shown on the left, is another outstanding piece of equipment.
242            It is a so called "Kofferradio" (<i>suitcase radio</i>) since it is portable
243                        and optionally battery driven, and of course since it is as compact as
244                        carry-on-baggage. It even features an integrated recordplayer - forseeing the
245            development of modern multipurpose receiver/CD-player combinations.
246                        Of course it still used tubes. Youth would have been able to listen to
247                        Elvis Presley at the swiming pool if the device were not as expensive.</p>
248      </div>
249
250</div><!-- end of content -->
251<!--#include virtual="/en/inc/menu.inc.shtm" -->
252</body>
253</html>
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