source: t29-www/en/communication/fax.shtm @ 173

Last change on this file since 173 was 173, checked in by sven, 14 years ago

Jetzt Offiziell: Grosse JavaScript-Neustrukturierung:

  • jQuery auf allen Seiten, tools.js ist Scriptsammlung fuer viele neue Features wie
    • Dynamische Copyright-Tags fuer alle Bilder
    • Behandlung von Fenstergroessen fuer alle Seiten
    • Hostinfos fuer bessere Differenzierung beim Entwickeln
    • auto-bildbreite.js migriert (jQuery-oneliner)
    • Alle Ueberschriften werden dynamisch mit Ankern ausgestattet
  • common.js als Scriptsammlung fuer seitenspezifische Scripts
    • faxtechnik.shtm, fax.shtm Inline-Scripte migriert
    • efzet.shtm migriert
  • Fuer alle Aenderungen /de/inc/head.inc.shtm, /en/inc/head.inc.shtm geaendert
  • css/common.css fuer Design von dynamischen Inhalten

Sonstiges:

  • Typo auf /en/search.shtm

-- sven @ workstation7

  • Property svn:keywords set to Id
File size: 17.4 KB
Line 
1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
2     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
3<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
4<head><!--#set var="title"        value="Fax engineering"
5   --><!--#set var="location"     value="faxtechnik"
6   --><!--#set var="part"         value="communication"
7   --><!--#set var="url_de"       value="kommunikationstechnik/faxtechnik.shtm"
8   --><!--#set var="prev"         value="television.shtm"
9   --><!--#set var="prev_title"   value="Television"
10   --><!--#set var="next"         value="measurement.shtm"
11   --><!--#set var="next_title"   value="Measurement technology"
12 --><title>technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" --></title>
13
14    <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/head.inc.shtm" -->
15    <meta name="keywords" lang="de" content="Faxtechnik, Schreibtechnik, Fernschreiber, Siemens KF108, Hellfax BS 110, Fax&uml;bertragung, Bildfunkempf&auml;nger, Blattschreiber" />
16    <meta name="keywords" lang="en" content="technikum, fax engineering, writing engineering, telegraphy, hellfax, hellschreiber, olympia, flexowriter" />
17    <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id: fax.shtm 173 2010-08-09 18:15:32Z sven $" />
18</head>
19<body>
20<!--#echo encoding="none" var="heading" -->
21<div id="content">
22    <!-- Etwas unkonventionell - mehrere h2 auf der Seite verteilt -->
23    <h2>Telegraphy</h2>
24
25    <div class="box left clear-after">
26        <a href="/en/devices/morse_telegraph.shtm" name="backlink-morse-telegraph"><img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telegrafie-regal.jpg" alt="The telegraph's rack" width="240" height="464" /></a>
27        <div class="bildtext">
28            An extract from the area fax and writing engineering.
29            <p>Humans always wanted to communicate over very long distances. In the early 20th century
30            "Morse" was almost synonymously used for the telegraph technology. Around 1938 the first
31            traffic telegraphs arised.</p>
32
33            <div class="center">
34                <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/morseschreiber.jpg" alt="Morse writer (1876)" style="float:none;"/>
35            </div>
36
37            <p>The picture above was printed in the little book "The technical telegraph service" from 1876. As you
38               can see, morse telegraphs were already used at that time. This kind of technology is amazing due
39               to it's overwhelming simplicity.
40               <br/>Clicking on the picture which shows the rack yields the <a class="go"
41               href="/en/devices/morese_telegraph.shtm">telegraph station</a>, made by S.A. HASLER (Bern, Switzerland).
42            </p>
43        </div>
44    </div>
45
46
47    <!--<div class="box left">
48        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/ausschnitt-faxtechnik.jpg" alt="Ausschnitt aus dem Bereich Fax- und Schreibtechnik" width="436" height="327" />
49        <div class="bildtext" style="padding-top: 127px;">Extract from the area fax and writing engineering.</div>
50        <div class="clear">&nbsp;</div>
51    </div>
52   
53    <div class="box left" id="telegraf-zu">
54        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telegrafenstation-halboffen.jpg" alt="Telegrafenstation halboffen" class="nomargin-bottom" width="341" height="201" onclick="switchTelegrafenstation();" />
55        <div class="bildtext">
56            What is inside this inconspicuous wooden box? Klick it to open it.
57            - old text. This is the <a href="/en">box from the homepage</a>, now partly openend. Click on the old box and be astonished.-</div>
58        <div class="clear">&nbsp;</div>
59    </div>
60   
61    <div class="box center" id="telegraf-offen">
62        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/telegrafenstation-offen.jpg" alt="Telegrafenstation offen"width="680" height="516" />
63        <div class="bildtext">
64            <h3>TELEGRAPH STATION, made by S.-A. HASLER, Bern (Switzerland)</h3>
65            -<p>More details will follow soon.</p>-
66        </div>
67    </div>-->
68
69     <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
70          <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/morsetelegraph-um1900.jpg" width="439" height="249" alt="Morsetelegraph um 1900" />
71          <p class="bildtext">This telegraph station was built in the time about 1900. More than 100 years ago, no one cared about time
72            thus communication was quite unhurried.</p>
73      </div>
74
75     <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
76          <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/morseempfaenger.jpg" width="439" height="254" alt="Morse reciever" />
77          <p class="bildtext">This picture shows the edgewise view from the morse reciever. The apparature is connected to a paper tape morse transmitter from the 60s.</p>
78     </div>
79         
80        <h2>Fax engineering, Picture Telegraphy</h2>
81       
82        <!-- Eigentlich steht hier ziemlich anderes Zeug im Deutschen (Januar 2010),
83             aber gespickt mit alten Spezialbegriffen, fuer die es im englischen keine
84                 Uebersetzungen gibt (bereits erstes Wort: Faximile) -->
85       
86      <p>It is quite incredible: Fax machines were already mass-produced in 1929. However, it
87      was difficult to run these machines. The first pracitcal fax machines are a german invention: The "Normalpapierfax" (a fax machine that
88      used usual paper) from Siemens-Hell, year of manufacture 1956, with tube technology, is still completely runable.
89      An unhurried and transparent fax transmission (DIN A5) takes about 4 minutes. Theoretically you
90      could send a colored fax with that machine!</p>
91
92      <div class="box center">
93          <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/fultograph.jpg" width="487" height="338" alt="Fultograph" />
94          <div class="cols">
95            <div class="leftcol">
96              <p>The <b>Fultograph</b> is an <b>"image reciever"</b>, invented by the
97                 Englishman Otho Fulton in 1929. This devices made it possible to transmit weather
98                 chartes by funk for the first time in the world.
99                 <br />The following text is cited from an unknown source from about 1930. It shows up
100                 a strange world for today's people:
101              </p>
102              <!-- English translation by Ruediger Kraatz on 18.01.2009: -->
103              <blockquote>
104                Who hasn't felt, when listening to a thrilling wireless transmission
105                from the opera or when enjoying a radio play, the wish to experience
106                such a feat not only with one's ears, but also with one's eyes? How
107                often have you regretted to rely solely on your own imagination rather
108                than being able to actually see the presentations which sound so
109                natural in your ears?
110                The realisation of these aspirations, which would be possible by
111                distance cinema, has not only failed due to the technical complexities
112                of the problems, but especially because of the enormous costs caused
113                by such an equipment.
114                It is now a truly invaluable achievement that every owner of a good
115                wireless apparatus has been put into a position to call something his
116                own, which is at least a preliminary stage of a distance cinema, namely
117                a radiophoto receiver, providing beautiful and steady images out of the
118                ether.
119                In the future, broadcasting stations will be able to illustrate their
120                acoustic transmissions. Scenic images of public performances, portraits
121                of artists, comments on lectures, illustrations of daily reports,
122                sketches of sporting events, weather charts, public quizzes and many
123              </blockquote>
124            </div>
125            <div class="rightcol">
126              <blockquote>
127                other such events can be made an issue of broadcasting in a simple way.
128                All owners of a suitable apparatus can &ndash; without previous technical
129                knowledge and without a dark room &ndash; receive these images, which
130                will appear in front of your eyes in brilliant brown colour in a matter
131                of minutes and which will be ready in stable conditions immediately.
132                The simple appliance providing such miracles was quietly developed to
133                such a perfection by an English inventor, Captain Otho Fulton, and within
134                a short period of time regular image broadcasting will be carried out
135                in most European countries, so that the owner of a "Fultograph" &ndash;
136                this is how Fulton called his image receiver &ndash; will be able to
137                receive an international image broadcasting programme in his own home.
138                The images are true to the originals, distinct and pleasant to watch,
139                and apart from that of particular artistic efficacy because of their
140                special granularity.
141                It takes 3 to 5 minutes to transmit a picture in the format of 9 to
142                12 centimetres.
143               </blockquote>
144               <p>The rotating roll, which had been coated with chemically preperated paper, was spirally
145                 scanned by an attached "pen" (tabluator). In this way an electric current could flow
146                 from the pen over the paper to the roll in the rythm of the picture informations. That way, the
147                 image developed by electrolysis.</p>
148            </div>
149          </div><!--cols-->
150          <div class="clear">&nbsp;</div>
151      </div>
152
153      <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
154          <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/siemens_kf106.jpg" width="513" height="416" alt="SIEMENS fax machine KF 106" />
155          <p class="bildtext">
156                      Very rare <b>Siemens (HELL) fax machine KF 106</b>
157              </p>
158          </div>
159         
160          <p>
161              This "remote copy machine" was produced in 1954/55. The ink-based write
162                  approach was already matured. Sad to say, the service-friendliness was
163                  quite bad. The bulky device (27 kilogram) scans only a DIN A5 sheet.
164                  Already 1956 the successor KF 108 came on the market, with great
165                  improvements.
166       </p>
167
168      <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
169          <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/siemens_kf108-gross.jpg" width="520" height="363" alt="SIEMENS fax machine KF 108" />
170          <p class="bildtext">
171                      <b>SIEMENS fax machine KF 108</b> (year of manufacture 1956)
172                  </p>
173          </div>
174         
175          <p>     
176          The KF 108 works in a similar way like the Fultograph. Instead of the
177                  electrochemical recording, ink is put on the usual paper with the help
178                  of complex mechanics.
179
180          <br/>It works similar to the fultograph. Instead of a electochemical
181                  notation, ink is brought by a small rotating sapphire reel onto normal
182                  paper.
183          <br/>A KF 108 will even be able to send and recive faxes when the modern
184                  fax devices are trashed. Of course, it is not compatible to today's
185                  devices. Siemens produced the device in a typical german manner: Everything
186                  is huge and indestructible. In these days you did not throw everything away.
187      </p>
188
189      <p>
190              The next fax (year of manufacture 1963, also used for weather cards) weights
191                  90 kg and has even electonic tubes. In the 1960s, weather offices were able
192                  to recive the latest weather cards (with pages bigger than DIN A3) with
193                  these machines.
194                  <br/>The Hellfax-Blattschreiber BS 100 shows how exhausting it was to send
195                  DIN A2 fax drawings in the 1960s. This device was used to recive weather
196                  cards with radio communication. You can also see an <a class="go"
197                  name="backlink-hellfax" href="/en/devices/hellfax-functionality.shtm">Hellfax
198                  unctional diagram</a>. Clicking on the picture will open the front lid.
199          </p>
200
201                       
202     <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
203         <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/hellfax_bs110-geschlossen.jpg"  alt="The Hellfax-Blatschreiber BS 100, with closed lid" id="hellfax-zu" />
204         <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/hellfax_bs110-geoeffnet.jpg" alt="The Hellfax-Blattschreiber BS 110 with opened lid" id="hellfax-offen" />
205         <p class="bildtext">
206                    <b>Hellfax-Blattschreiber BS 110</b>
207         </p>
208     </div>
209         
210        <h2>Teletype technology</h2>
211     
212    <!--
213     next Paragraph/box: In Deutsch "ohne Worte". Heribert schreibt
214                         Text fuer englische Version in Mail am
215                         26. Juli 2008:
216                         
217    Links: Hellschreiber GL 72 (ca. Bj. 1952). Jede Taste erzeugt eine
218    bestimmte Tonsequenz. Mit diesen Geräten konnte man daher im
219    Gegensatz zu den Fernschreibern im Telefonnetz kommunizieren.
220   
221    Rechts: Diktiergerät mit Magnetplatten (Bj. 1952), welches auch die
222    Informationen des Hellschreibers aufzeichnen konnte. Damit wurde es
223    schließlich möglich Text auf einer Magnetplatte abzuspeichern und
224    beliebig oft durch den Hellschreiber "ausdrucken" zu lassen.
225   
226     Auf Basis dieses Textes nun meine englische Übersetzung:
227    -->
228    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
229        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/hellschreiber.jpg" width="629" height="245" alt="Hellschreiber GL 72" />
230        <p class="bildtext">
231            The <b>Hellschreiber GL 72</b>, year of manufacture 1952
232            (in the picture on the left). This device assignes an unique
233            sequence of frequencies to each key. Thus the device could make use of the
234            telephone network, like the later modems did to build up the
235            internet. This feature distinguishes it from the ordinary
236            teletypes.
237        </p>
238    </div>
239   
240    <!-- paragraph between Hellschreiber and teletype:
241         translated 27. July 2008 from de -->
242    <p>Nevertheless the clatting teletypes coined high speed
243       telecommunication for decades. The first teletype was presented
244       in 1930 by Siemens &amp; Halske &ndash; only three years later,
245       the German Post used them for communication all over Germany.
246       The first official connection in Germany was build between the capital, Berlin,
247       and the Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Unlike the
248       Hellschreiber, the teletype did not use the already existing
249       telephone network, so they had to build up a seperate telex
250       network.
251       <br/>
252       At first there were only 21 subscribers in 1933, but only six
253       years later, they counted 1500 subscribers in 1939. In 1975
254       there were actually more than 90,000 subscribers. In these
255       days, the mechanically working teletypes were replaced by
256       electronically driven devices (Telex). Even nowadays, in
257       times of the internet, a few developing countries use this
258       disaster safe kind of communication.</p>
259
260     <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
261         <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/fernschreiber.jpg" width="520" height="536" alt="Teletypewriter" />
262         <p class="bildtext">
263                     <b>Siemens Teletype</b>, year of manufacture 1952
264             </p>
265         </div>
266       
267    <p>
268            Below in the picture, you can see a paper tape sender.
269        While typing the text, it was fed into the paper tape and could be send afterwards quite fast.
270        This is quite equal how today's e-mail clients work: They buffer the text while the user inputs
271        it until it is send in one go, instead of streaming the keyboard input "live" to the recipient.
272        Of course this apperature is still fully executable.
273    </p>
274
275
276        <h2>Flexowriter</h2>
277     <!-- This paragraph was replaced on 27. july 08 in favour of... -->
278     <!--
279     <p>Long time before, telegraph offices (about 1900), the early teleprinters (1938) and Hellschreiber (1952) were used. A demonstration shows something unbelievable: The Hellschreiber writes a dictate from a dictating machine from the early fifties without mistakes!?<br/>
280     <br/>The electomechanical "text processing systems" (1962-64) show you how texts could be duplicated and written automatically with punched tapes and punch cards as storages. Only big companies could afford the complex technology which was typically german. See the <a class="go" href="/en/devices/olympia-flexowriter.shtm" title="Olympia Schreibautomat" name="backlink-olympia">Olympia flexowriter</a>.</p>
281     -->
282     <!-- ...this paragraph: -->
283         <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
284                <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/olympia-schreibautomat.jpg" width="629" height="242" alt="Olympia Flexowriter" />
285                <div class="bildtext">
286            <p>As a kind of spin-off products of the teletype
287               development, the electromechanical "wordprocessing systems"
288               (1962 &ndash; 1964) were invented. They were capable
289               of duplicating and writing texts automatically, using
290               paper tapes and punch cards as storage media.
291               <br/>The technology of these devices was quite complex
292               &ndash; at that time only big companies could afford these
293               typically German devices.
294               <br/>The picture above shows the <b>Olympia flexowriter</b>
295               with two paaper tape readers and one paper tape puncher,
296               year of manufacture 1962.</p>
297        </div>
298    </div><!-- end of image box -->
299
300</div><!-- end of content -->
301<!--#include virtual="/en/inc/menu.inc.shtm" -->
302</body>
303</html>
Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.
© 2008 - 2013 technikum29 • Sven Köppel • Some rights reserved
Powered by Trac
Expect where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 License