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1<?php
2        $seiten_id = 'tontechnik';
3        $version = '$Id: sound_technology.php 299 2012-09-19 09:38:55Z heribert $';
4        $title = 'Sound recording and reproducing technology';
5       
6        require "../../lib/technikum29.php";
7?>
8    <h2>Sound recording and reproducing technology</h2>
9
10    <p>It was a long way with many strange and interesting variants until the today's CD.
11           Trumpet gramophone, tape recorders in its history of development, (among others
12           AEG, 39kg heavy full-track technology from 1938), Optaphon, the first mechanically
13           controlled autoreserve (1952) until professional tape recorders from 1960 are shown.
14           Futhermore: Wire recorders, automatical answering machines (1954), devices with
15           "gramophone bands" where the sound was not saved magnetically but like on
16           gramophone records (Tefifon) and many more.
17        </p>
18       
19        <h3>Dictating machines</h3>
20        <p>As an excerpt, this is one of the dictaphones from the early office technology.</p>
21
22    <p>Only the drive was electrical. The sonic oscillations were conducted through a
23           mouthpiece and an hose made of metal and scored in the rotating disc with a
24           kind of graver. The disc could be played back with an horn (left side of
25           the picture) or with earphones that were connected with hoses to the pickup
26           (left side). Of course the quality was cruel.</p>
27
28    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
29        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/kosmograph.jpg" width="546" height="407" alt="Dictating-machine KOSMOGRAPH" />
30        <p class="bildtext">
31                    Dictating-machine <b>KOSMOGRAPH</b> from the dictating machine factury of Dresden (1935)
32                </p>
33    </div>
34       
35       
36        <h3>Rare tape recorders</h3>
37
38    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
39        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/aeg-magnetophon.jpg" alt="Photography of the AEG Magnetophon" width="546" height="407" />
40        <p class="bildtext">
41            Tape recorders that are built before 1952 are technically very interesting
42                        and nowadays very rare. The <b>AEG Magnetophon AW 1</b> was built in 1948/49
43                        with the state of art of 1939. The auxiliary case contains amplifiers for
44                        recording and replay as well as a loud speaker. On the original tape that
45                        is pictured in the photography, one can listen to a german carneval
46                        convention <!-- sic! --> recorded in the early 1950s. At that time the
47                        device was too expensive for private customers.
48        </p>
49    </div>
50
51    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
52        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/loewe_opta.jpg" alt="Ferrophon IIIc/3" width="546" height="405" />
53        <p class="bildtext">
54                    A radio reporter in 1951 had to be a strong guy to carry the Ferrophon
55                        around. This semi-professional tape recorder of Loewe Opta Radio AG Type
56                        "Ferrophon IIIc/3" was hardly affordable for the non-commercial user. The
57                        replay quality is excellent (max. tape speed of 76cm/sec!) and likewise
58                        the used components (a lot of copper parts) which was rare in the early
59                        past war years.
60                </p>
61    </div>
62       
63        <h3>Shellac <!-- sic! rarely: shellack --> disc changer</h3>
64
65    <div class="box center">
66        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/schellackplattenspieler.jpg" alt="Automatic recorder changer for shellac records" width="546" height="343" />
67        </div>
68       
69        <p>
70            Gramophone records were used as sound storage media for quite a long time.
71                After all, in the 1950s, the shellac records were invented. Breakage was
72                very common in this era, until it was displaced by the vinyl records.
73                Automatic record changers were quite rare in the shellac era. The photography
74                above shows the <b>"Dual 1000"</b>, built in 1951/52. The slowly moving
75                pick-up arm while record changing demonstrates the way of listening music
76                at that time.
77        At first this device used the old steel needles that decreased in quality
78                after only three records, until sapphire styluses were invented.
79    </p>
80
81       
82        <h3>Wire recording devices</h3> <!-- von Drahtton => Wikipedia -->
83       
84    <div class="box center auto-bildbreite">
85        <a href="/en/devices/schaub-lorenz-supraphon.php" name="backlink-supraphon" title="See a More detailed photography"><img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/schaub-lorenz-supraphon.jpg" alt="Schaub Lorenz Supraphon" width="546" height="561" /></a>
86                <p class="bildtext">
87                    <b>(Schaub-) Lorenz Supraphon</b>
88                </p>
89        </div>
90       
91        <p>
92            This device (year of manufacture 1952) uses wires as sound storage media.
93                An hour of music fits into the small coil shown on the right side of
94                device. This is the advantage of using steel wire: It doesn't need much
95                space. The quality of sound was almost tolerable, but the flimsy wire was
96                always in danger of tearing.
97        </p>
98        <p>
99        With this device, you could also listen to a shellac record (78 RPM) while
100                recording it concurrently to wire. The era of devices using wires to store
101                sound began before the second world war but was already finished at 1965.
102                In this time, tape recorders conquered the market.
103                Clicking on the picture will show <a href="/en/devices/schaub-lorenz-supraphon.php"
104                class="go">a larger and more detailed version</a>.
105        </p>
106        <p>
107        Among others, dictating machines also used wires as sound storage media. Thus
108                they could be built quite compactly. The width of a wire tape is only 7cm
109                about 1.5 inch), but it records about 100 minutes. The <b>Klein-Reporter W 52</b>
110                (translated literally "small reporter"), shown below, was made by the german
111                company REICHHALTER, year of manufacture 1952. On the record tape (as shown
112                in the photography) you can listen to an original law lecture about the allied
113                powers in Germany after the World War II.
114        </p>
115        <div class="box center">
116        <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/reichhalter.diktiergeraet.jpg" width="546" height="222" alt="Photography of the Klein-Reporter"/>
117        </div>
118        <p>
119        This record is at least 55 years old. Apparently the magnetization of the wire
120                is still very good.
121        </p>
122
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