1 | <?php |
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2 | $seiten_id = 'tontechnik'; |
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3 | $version = '$Id: sound_technology.php 299 2012-09-19 09:38:55Z sven $'; |
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4 | $title = 'Sound recording and reproducing technology'; |
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5 | |
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6 | require "../../lib/technikum29.php"; |
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7 | ?> |
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8 | <h2>Sound recording and reproducing technology</h2> |
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9 | |
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10 | <p>It was a long way with many strange and interesting variants until the today's CD. |
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11 | Trumpet gramophone, tape recorders in its history of development, (among others |
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12 | AEG, 39kg heavy full-track technology from 1938), Optaphon, the first mechanically |
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13 | controlled autoreserve (1952) until professional tape recorders from 1960 are shown. |
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14 | Futhermore: Wire recorders, automatical answering machines (1954), devices with |
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15 | "gramophone bands" where the sound was not saved magnetically but like on |
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16 | gramophone records (Tefifon) and many more. |
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17 | </p> |
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18 | |
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19 | <h3>Dictating machines</h3> |
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20 | <p>As an excerpt, this is one of the dictaphones from the early office technology.</p> |
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21 | |
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22 | <p>Only the drive was electrical. The sonic oscillations were conducted through a |
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23 | mouthpiece and an hose made of metal and scored in the rotating disc with a |
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24 | kind of graver. The disc could be played back with an horn (left side of |
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25 | the picture) or with earphones that were connected with hoses to the pickup |
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26 | (left side). Of course the quality was cruel.</p> |
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27 | |
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28 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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29 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/kosmograph.jpg" width="546" height="407" alt="Dictating-machine KOSMOGRAPH" /> |
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30 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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31 | Dictating-machine <b>KOSMOGRAPH</b> from the dictating machine factury of Dresden (1935) |
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32 | </p> |
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33 | </div> |
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34 | |
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35 | |
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36 | <h3>Rare tape recorders</h3> |
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37 | |
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38 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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39 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/aeg-magnetophon.jpg" alt="Photography of the AEG Magnetophon" width="546" height="407" /> |
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40 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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41 | Tape recorders that are built before 1952 are technically very interesting |
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42 | and nowadays very rare. The <b>AEG Magnetophon AW 1</b> was built in 1948/49 |
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43 | with the state of art of 1939. The auxiliary case contains amplifiers for |
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44 | recording and replay as well as a loud speaker. On the original tape that |
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45 | is pictured in the photography, one can listen to a german carneval |
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46 | convention <!-- sic! --> recorded in the early 1950s. At that time the |
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47 | device was too expensive for private customers. |
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48 | </p> |
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49 | </div> |
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50 | |
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51 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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52 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/loewe_opta.jpg" alt="Ferrophon IIIc/3" width="546" height="405" /> |
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53 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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54 | A radio reporter in 1951 had to be a strong guy to carry the Ferrophon |
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55 | around. This semi-professional tape recorder of Loewe Opta Radio AG Type |
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56 | "Ferrophon IIIc/3" was hardly affordable for the non-commercial user. The |
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57 | replay quality is excellent (max. tape speed of 76cm/sec!) and likewise |
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58 | the used components (a lot of copper parts) which was rare in the early |
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59 | past war years. |
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60 | </p> |
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61 | </div> |
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62 | |
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63 | <h3>Shellac <!-- sic! rarely: shellack --> disc changer</h3> |
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64 | |
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65 | <div class="box center"> |
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66 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/schellackplattenspieler.jpg" alt="Automatic recorder changer for shellac records" width="546" height="343" /> |
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67 | </div> |
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68 | |
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69 | <p> |
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70 | Gramophone records were used as sound storage media for quite a long time. |
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71 | After all, in the 1950s, the shellac records were invented. Breakage was |
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72 | very common in this era, until it was displaced by the vinyl records. |
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73 | Automatic record changers were quite rare in the shellac era. The photography |
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74 | above shows the <b>"Dual 1000"</b>, built in 1951/52. The slowly moving |
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75 | pick-up arm while record changing demonstrates the way of listening music |
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76 | at that time. |
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77 | At first this device used the old steel needles that decreased in quality |
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78 | after only three records, until sapphire styluses were invented. |
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79 | </p> |
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80 | |
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81 | |
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82 | <h3>Wire recording devices</h3> <!-- von Drahtton => Wikipedia --> |
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83 | |
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84 | <div class="box center auto-bildbreite"> |
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85 | <a href="/en/devices/schaub-lorenz-supraphon.php" name="backlink-supraphon" title="See a More detailed photography"><img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/schaub-lorenz-supraphon.jpg" alt="Schaub Lorenz Supraphon" width="546" height="561" /></a> |
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86 | <p class="bildtext"> |
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87 | <b>(Schaub-) Lorenz Supraphon</b> |
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88 | </p> |
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89 | </div> |
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90 | |
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91 | <p> |
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92 | This device (year of manufacture 1952) uses wires as sound storage media. |
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93 | An hour of music fits into the small coil shown on the right side of |
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94 | device. This is the advantage of using steel wire: It doesn't need much |
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95 | space. The quality of sound was almost tolerable, but the flimsy wire was |
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96 | always in danger of tearing. |
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97 | </p> |
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98 | <p> |
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99 | With this device, you could also listen to a shellac record (78 RPM) while |
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100 | recording it concurrently to wire. The era of devices using wires to store |
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101 | sound began before the second world war but was already finished at 1965. |
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102 | In this time, tape recorders conquered the market. |
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103 | Clicking on the picture will show <a href="/en/devices/schaub-lorenz-supraphon.php" |
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104 | class="go">a larger and more detailed version</a>. |
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105 | </p> |
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106 | <p> |
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107 | Among others, dictating machines also used wires as sound storage media. Thus |
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108 | they could be built quite compactly. The width of a wire tape is only 7cm |
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109 | about 1.5 inch), but it records about 100 minutes. The <b>Klein-Reporter W 52</b> |
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110 | (translated literally "small reporter"), shown below, was made by the german |
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111 | company REICHHALTER, year of manufacture 1952. On the record tape (as shown |
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112 | in the photography) you can listen to an original law lecture about the allied |
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113 | powers in Germany after the World War II. |
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114 | </p> |
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115 | <div class="box center"> |
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116 | <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/reichhalter.diktiergeraet.jpg" width="546" height="222" alt="Photography of the Klein-Reporter"/> |
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117 | </div> |
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118 | <p> |
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119 | This record is at least 55 years old. Apparently the magnetization of the wire |
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120 | is still very good. |
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121 | </p> |
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122 | |
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