Index: /de/rechnertechnik/speichermedien.php =================================================================== --- /de/rechnertechnik/speichermedien.php (revision 1086) +++ /de/rechnertechnik/speichermedien.php (revision 1087) @@ -54,6 +54,6 @@
Bild 4:
Laufzeitkette, hier nur drei der 120 LC-Pässe
Das abgebildete Speichermodul kann gerade mal eine 12-stellige Dezimalzahl speichern. Binär entspricht dies einer Speicherkapazität von ca. 6 Byte!! Sie lesen richtig: 6 Byte, nicht KB oder gar MB! In dieser frühen Phase der "Elektronischen Rechengeräte" war Speicherplatz extrem teuer und sehr voluminös. Bei der Programmierung musste man darauf extreme Rücksicht nehmen. - Ein wirklich seltener Speicher, der vor der Zeit von Kernspeichern zum Einsatz kam. Er wurde auch mit "Verzögerungsspeicher" oder "Verzögerungslinie" bezeichnet. Im BULL-Gamma-3 Rechner sind 7 Stück dieser Laufzeitspeicher eingebaut. Das entspricht 58 kg Elektronik für 42 Byte Arbeitsspeicher.
+Das abgebildete Speichermodul kann gerade mal eine 12-stellige Dezimalzahl speichern. Binär entspricht dies einer Speicherkapazität von ca. 6 Byte!! Sie lesen richtig: 6 Byte, nicht KB oder gar MB! In dieser frühen Phase der "Elektronischen Rechengeräte" war Speicherplatz extrem teuer und sehr voluminös. Bei der Programmierung musste man darauf sehr viel Rücksicht nehmen. + Dies ist ein wirklich seltener Speicher, der vor der Zeit von Kernspeichern zum Einsatz kam. Er wurde auch mit "Verzögerungsspeicher" oder "Verzögerungslinie" bezeichnet. Im BULL-Gamma-3 Rechner sind 7 Stück dieser Laufzeitspeicher eingebaut. Das entspricht 58 kg Elektronik für 42 Byte Arbeitsspeicher.
Index: /en/computer/storage-media.php =================================================================== --- /en/computer/storage-media.php (revision 1086) +++ /en/computer/storage-media.php (revision 1087) @@ -34,25 +34,50 @@+ Incredibly big, next to no capacity from today's point of view and at 8.3 kg +extremely heavy - that is the historic memory from our vacuum tube based BULL +GAMMA 3 computer (vintage 1952-1959). See this marvelous device here: +
Delay-Line
Cutout. The LC elements can be clearly seen.
- -
- One of these solutions is the so called delay line memory.
- It consists of several chained LC-oscillators that are set
- up as low-pass filters. In this circuit the pulses are carried slower compared
- to ohmic conductors. Due to the high damping the pulses must be amplified again.
- Therefore the memory is equipped with 12 tube amplifiers. After amplification
- at the end of the LC chain, the information is read in at the beginning of the
- chain again. In this way it runs permanentely throught the delay line memory.
-
The pictures show a memory unit which is capable of storing a decimal
- integer with only 12 digits. Obviously storage was very expensive in the early
- times of computing.
Figure 1: Delay-Line
+ +The next picture shows the back of this memory (M1). The bottle of wine +serves as a comparison. The delay lines consist of 120 LC combinations which +serve as low-pass filters yielding, each yielding a short delay. + +Figure 2 (on the left): Delay line memory opened
Figure 3: Cutout. The LC elements can be clearly seen
Figure 4: Part of a delay line - three of 120 LC combinations are visible
1 kB magnetostrictive delay line memory
+1 kB magnetostrictive delay line memory
@@ -77,5 +102,5 @@ -Core memory demonstration model, Transfluxor
(you can enlarge the picture!)
Core memory demonstration model, Transfluxor
(you can enlarge the picture!)
@@ -101,5 +126,5 @@
Triumph core memory
+Triumph core memory
The company "Triumph" created a very demonstrative core memory @@ -111,6 +136,6 @@
The Triump core memory was still threaded manually, in contrast - to the memory shown below.
+ The Triump core memory was still threaded manually, in contrast + to the memory shown below.Storage layer with a capacity of 16.000 bit
+Storage layer with a capacity of 16.000 bit
Tabulating Machine Bull BS-PR
+On high quality tabulating machines the patch panel could be replaced to perform very different tasks. By plugging the cables on the programming field @@ -27,5 +31,10 @@ we own other machines that are also operational to perform card driven EDP, that is, devices for creation, sorting, mixing, etc. the cards.
- + +We have digged out programs in order to enable our tabulating machine to calculate bank statements as well as multiplying and dividing. However, advanced @@ -33,5 +42,5 @@ to implement a good deal of operations with lengthy algorithms borrowed from computer science. - +
And so it came to pass that some BULL engineer asked himself why there was not yet a way to compute square roots on the tabulating machine back then in 1959. @@ -39,6 +48,6 @@ implement the Toepler algorithm on this machine. It turned out it was possible and he won the bet. We came across that program and restored it back - to operation. We happily relieved the historical moment having the world's only tabulating - machine that can calculate square roots. The algorithm works without any memory. + to operation. We happily relieved the historical moment having the world's only tabulating + machine that can calculate square roots. The algorithm works without any memory. There is a program guide (PDF) in German and French. @@ -49,11 +58,20 @@ of the restoration of the tabulating machine
-Tabulating Machine Bull BS-PR
-
+
+ The control and memory of the machine is comprised of about 1500 relays.
+
10 ALUs work in parallel and are driven and synchronized by the large main motor.
+ Every revolution engages about 300 sliding contacts. In the upper part of the picture
+ you can see three ALUs. Only one of the ALUs is broken (that can be easily bypassed by
+ customizing the programs), that is quite astonishing in view of the old age.
+
+
Arithmetic-logic unit
+
- The control and memory of the machine is comprised of about 1500 relays.
-
10 ALUs work in parallel and are driven and synchronized by the large main motor.
- Every revolution engages about 300 sliding contacts. In the upper part of the picture
- you can see three ALUs. Only one of the ALUs is broken (that can be easily bypassed by
- customizing the programs), that is quite astonishing in view of the old age.
-
- Arithmetic-logic units of the tabulating machine -
-We exposed two of the 10 ALUs for an one-of-a-kind photo. The principle of sprocket wheel +
We exposed one of the 10 ALUs for an one-of-a-kind photo. The principle of sprocket wheel machines is visible to the naked eye. All calculation work is performed only by mechanical components and read in electronically by touch-sensitive contacts. You can even read out @@ -123,9 +94,9 @@
-- Printing unit of the tabulating machine + Printing unit of the tabulating machine