- Timestamp:
- Nov 13, 2009, 12:27:02 AM (14 years ago)
- Location:
- en
- Files:
-
- 2 added
- 11 edited
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en/computer/analog.shtm
r93 r124 172 172 This computer was built in the early 1970s and was priced at 80.000 DM (about 40.000 euro/dollar) 173 173 </p> 174 <div class="clear"></div> 174 175 </div> 176 177 <div class="box center"> 178 <h3 class="center">(Cylindrical) slide rules</h3> 179 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/rechenschieber.jpg" 180 alt="Slide rule (slipstick) and Cylindrical slide rule" width="694" height="161"/> 181 <p class="bildtext"> 182 Last but not least a mechanical analog computer that was used up to 183 the 1970s for scientific calculations without hand and desk calculators. 184 <br/>The picture above displays a 1.8m long demo slide rule 185 made of wood (1950s) that was used in schools for students since the 186 10th grade. Compared to hand calculators, these analog computers 187 also had some advantages: Students could not give absurd computing 188 precisions, these "computers" were cheap and quite fast. The big 189 disadvantage was that adding and subtracting was not possible at all. 190 <br/>To get higher precisions in the 1920s, there was this 191 "Cylindrical slide rule". This 60cm NESTLER device can be compared 192 to an ordinary slide rule measuring 12.50m. 193 </p> 194 </div> 175 195 176 196 </div><!-- end of content --> -
en/computer/commercial.shtm
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r121 r124 16 16 <meta name="DC.Title" content="Technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 17 17 <meta name="DC.Subject" content="<!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 18 <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id $" />18 <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id: commercial.shtm 121 2009-11-04 23:11:29Z heribert $" /> 19 19 <meta name="t29.germanoriginal" content="17.07.2007/v5.7FINAL" /> 20 20 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="22.08.2007/v5.7.5" /> -
en/computer/early-computers.shtm
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r123 r124 16 16 <meta name="DC.Title" content="Technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 17 17 <meta name="DC.Subject" content="<!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 18 <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id $" />18 <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id: early-computers.shtm 123 2009-11-11 22:56:33Z heribert $" /> 19 19 <meta name="t29.germanoriginal" content="18.07.2007/v5.7FINAL" /> 20 20 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="22.08.2008/v5.8FINAL" /> -
en/computer/electro-mechanical.shtm
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en/computer/electron-tubes.shtm
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en/computer/ic-technology.shtm
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en/computer/programmable.shtm
r123 r124 16 16 <meta name="DC.Title" content="Technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 17 17 <meta name="DC.Subject" content="<!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 18 <meta name="t29.germanoriginal" content="18.07.2007/v5.7FINAL" /> 19 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="21.08.2007/v5.7.5, Teile von B.Ulmann" /> 20 <!--changelog: 24.03.2007/v5.6.8 auf Basis von 2005/v4.1.1 --> 18 <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id$" /> 21 19 </head> 22 20 <body> … … 71 69 <br/>Only two years later WANG brought the <a class="go" href="ic-technology.shtm#backlink-wang700">WANG 700</a> to the market in direct competition to the HP 9100. 72 70 </p> 73 74 <div class="box center">75 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/hp9100-display.jpg" alt="HP-9100-Display" width="557" height="198" />76 < p class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width: 557px;"> Display of HP 9100.</p></div>77 < div class="clear"> </div>71 </div> 72 </div> 73 <div class="box center"> 74 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/hp9100-display.jpg" alt="display of the HP-9100" width="557" height="198" /> 75 <p class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width: 557px;">Closeup of the HP 9100 tube display</p> 78 76 </div> 79 77 -
en/computer/tabulating-machine.shtm
r123 r124 2 2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3 3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> 4 <head><!--#set var="title" value=" Punch card tabulator"4 <head><!--#set var="title" value="BULL Tabulating machine" 5 5 --><!--#set var="location" value="tabelliermaschine" 6 6 --><!--#set var="part" value="computer" … … 8 8 --><!--#set var="prev" value="electro-mechanical.shtm" 9 9 --><!--#set var="prev_title" value="(Electro-) mechanical calculators" 10 --><!--#set var="next" value=" punchcard.shtm"11 --><!--#set var="next_title" value=" Punch card computing"10 --><!--#set var="next" value="gamma3.shtm" 11 --><!--#set var="next_title" value="BULL GAMMA 3" 12 12 --><title>Technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" --></title> 13 13 14 14 <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/head.inc.shtm" --> 15 <meta name="keywords" content="" />16 15 <meta name="DC.Title" content="Technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 17 16 <meta name="DC.Subject" content="<!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 18 17 <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id$" /> 19 <meta name="t29.germanoriginal" content="08.04.2008/v5.7.21" /> 20 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="01.01.2009/03:08" /> 21 <meta name="t29.comment" content="sync from the scratch" /> 22 <!-- v5.7.5: Bildübersetzungsteile von Ulmann --> 23 <!--changelog: 18.06.2008/v5.7.22 based on 08.04.2008/v5.7.21: Komplettaenderungen an der Tabelliermaschine, GAMMA 3+10 neu --> 18 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="12.11.2009" /> 19 <meta name="t29.comment" content="aufgetrennt und Inhaltlich synchronisiert" /> 24 20 </head> 25 21 <body> … … 62 58 </p> 63 59 64 <p><small>We would like to thank the <a href=" www.feb-d.de">F.E.B.60 <p><small>We would like to thank the <a href="http://www.feb-d.de">F.E.B. 65 61 (Federation des Equipes Bull) Deutschland e.V.</a> for their assistance 66 62 of the reperation of the tabulating machine</small></p> 67 63 68 64 <div class="box center"> 69 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/bull-bs-pr/tabelliermaschine.jpg" width="679" height="658" alt="Bull PS BR Tabulating Machine" /> 65 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/bull-bs-pr/tabelliermaschine.jpg" 66 width="679" height="658" alt="Bull PS BR Tabulating Machine" /> 70 67 <p class="bildtext">The <b>Tabulating Machine Bull BS-pr</b>: With closed walls it 71 68 looks like a strange chunk made of metal, but it comprises impressive 72 69 electromechanical technology. 73 70 <br />Multiplying and dividing mechanically needs lots of time. To shorten 74 this amount of time, you could attach the "electronical calculator" BULL75 GAMMA 3. The auxiliary tube calculator was only used for this purpose.76 Unfortunately it is no more available.</p>71 this amount of time, you could attach the <a href="gamma3.shtm">"electronical 72 calculator" BULL GAMMA 3</a>. The auxiliary tube calculator was 73 only used for this purpose.</p> 77 74 </div> 78 75 … … 112 109 <br/>10 ALUs work in parallel and are driven and synchronized by the large main motor. 113 110 Every revolution engages about 300 sliding contacts. In the upper part of the picture 114 you can see three ALUs. Only one of the ALUs is broken , that is quite astonishing in115 view of the old age.111 you can see three ALUs. Only one of the ALUs is broken (that can be easily bypassed by 112 customizing the programs), that is quite astonishing in view of the old age. 116 113 </p> 117 114 <div class="clear"></div> … … 120 117 <div class="box center"> 121 118 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/rechenwerke.jpg" alt="ALUs of the Bull tabulating machine" width="555" height="329" /> 122 <p class="bildtext ">119 <p class="bildtext-bildbreite" style="width: 555px;"> 123 120 We exposed two of the 10 ALUs for an one-of-a-kind photo. The principle of sprocket wheel 124 121 machines is visible to the naked eye. All calculation work is performed only by mechanical 125 122 components and read in electronically by touch-sensitive contacts. You can even read out 126 the current arithmetic register contents: They areboth <i>144</i>. Carries are also123 the current arithmetic register contents: They hold both <i>144</i>. Carries are also 127 124 performed purley mechanically. It's hardly imaginable that these machines worked more than 128 125 12 hours every day without any serious problems. … … 146 143 147 144 148 <h2><a name="bull3">A first generation tube calculator: BULL GAMMA 3</a></h2>149 <div class="box left">150 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/bull-gamma-3.jpg"151 alt="The BULL GAMMA 3, closed state" width="156" height="210" />152 <p class="bildtext">153 The BULL GAMMA 3 was build since 1952. It could be connected to several154 punchcard devices, for example to the Tabulating Machine BS, to the155 card copier PRD and to the ULP puncher.156 <br/>Our GAMMA 3 installation is fully developed and features seven157 delay line memory units each with a capacity of 12 decimal digits. To158 extend the built-in memory, there were special so-called "storage cabinets"159 that contained additional 24 storage units, each with a capacity160 of 12 decimal numbers.161 <br/>Summing up, the calculator features almost 400 electron tubes.162 Thyratrons were used to connect this fast calculator to the slow163 punchcard auxillary devices. A thyratron tube is capable of saving164 temporary digital states.165 </p>166 <div class="clear"></div>167 </div>168 169 <div class="box center">170 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/bull-gamma-3-offen.jpg"171 alt="BULL GAMMA 3 Innen" width="690" height="517" />172 <p class="bildtext">173 The modules could be folded out, hence the calculator is quite174 service friendly. Two big fans circulate fresh air thorught the175 case. On the left you can see a part of the big power supply –176 39 fuses keep the electric circuits seperated for additional security.177 178 <br/>When this calculator is connected to our BULL Tabulating Machine,179 all the information from the papertape reader brushes are directly180 transfered to the GAMMA 3. Thus programs and data can be manipulated181 directly by the GAMMA 3. The output is transfered back to the182 printing unit from the Tabulating Machine.183 </p>184 </div>185 186 187 <h2><a name="bull10">A second generation calculator: The BULL GAMMA 10</a></h2>188 <div class="box center">189 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/bull-gamma-10.jpg"190 alt="BULL GAMMA 10" width="640" height="390" />191 <p class="bildtext">192 In 1963 BULL General Electric presented the BULL GAMMA 10193 which was intended for commercial purpose and puchcard194 computing. The standard equipment contains a CPU with195 panel, a punchcard reader/puncher unit and a barrel printer.196 The RAM consists of a 1kb core memory which could be197 extended up to 4kb capacity. There are 59 different198 opcodes to program the CPU.199 <br/>The cycle time from the core memory is 7 micro200 seconds. The calculator is capable of reading and201 punching 300 cards per minute. Five punchcards per202 second, that is an amazing speed –203 therefore the punching unit is generously built. The204 printer can only print up to 300 lines per minute. Compared205 to our <a href="univac9400.shtm">Univac 9400</a> this206 is quite slow – the Univac 9400 is capable of207 printing more than 1000 lines per minute.208 </p>209 </div>210 211 <div class="box center">212 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/bull-gamma-10-offen.jpg" alt="BULL GAMMA 10 without panels" style="float:left;" width="367" height="360" />213 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/gamma-10-von-hinten.jpg" alt="BULL GAMMA 10 from the back" style="float:right;" width="268" height="360" />214 <div class="clear"></div>215 <p class="bildtext">216 The chassis is metallic bright and glossy. It is clearly arranged217 and therefore the machine is quite easy to maintain.218 <br/>We want to repair this computer, too (see our page219 <a href="/en/search.shtm">We are looking for...</a>). By now the220 complete mechanics works again. After tuning the temperature221 of the heated core memory and switching some defect222 transistors, we can already execte a program for duplicating223 punch cards, as well as the first mathematical programs.224 That's really sensational for such an old computer.225 </p>226 </div>227 228 <div class="box left">229 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/modul-gamma10.jpg"230 alt="Typical GAMMA 10 module" height="345" width="485">231 <p class="bildtext">232 This is one of 570 modules from the GAMMA 10 computer.233 On the base plate the conductor tracks are aligned234 horizontally while they are aligned vertically on the235 small boards (flip flops, amplifier, etc.). Almost all236 transistors are still Germanium transistors.237 </p>238 </div>239 240 145 </div><!-- end of content --> 241 146 <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/menu.inc.shtm" --> -
en/inc/menu.inc.shtm
r123 r124 44 44 <ul class="l2"> 45 45 <li class="long"><a <!--#if expr="$location = elektro-mechanik" -->class="on"<!--#else -->href="/en/computer/electro-mechanical.shtm"<!--#endif -->>(Elektro-) mechanical calculators<span> </span></a></li> 46 <li class="l3"><div<!--#if expr="($location = tabelliermaschine) || ($location = lochkarten)" --> class="on"<!--#endif -->><em>Punch card computing<span> </span></em>46 <li class="l3"><div<!--#if expr="($location = tabelliermaschine) || ($location = gamma3) || ($location = gamma10) || ($location = lochkarten)" --> class="on"<!--#endif -->><em>Punch card computing<span> </span></em> 47 47 <ul> 48 <li class="long"><a <!--#if expr="$location = tabelliermaschine" -->class="on"<!--#else -->href="/en/computer/tabulating-machine.shtm"<!--#endif -->>Tabulating machine, BULL GAMMA 3 and GAMMA 10<span> </span></a></li> 49 <li><a <!--#if expr="$location = lochkarten" -->class="on"<!--#else -->href="/en/computer/punchcard.shtm"<!--#endif -->>Punch card devices<span> </span></a></li> 48 <li><a <!--#if expr="$location = tabelliermaschine" -->class="on"<!--#else -->href="/en/computer/tabulating-machine.shtm"<!--#endif -->>BULL Tabulating machine<span> </span></a></li> 49 <li><a <!--#if expr="$location = gamma3" -->class="on"<!--#else -->href="/en/computer/gamma3.shtm"<!--#endif -->>BULL GAMMA 3<span> </span></a></li> 50 <li><a <!--#if expr="$location = gamma10" -->class="on"<!--#else -->href="/en/computer/gamma10.shtm"<!--#endif -->>BULL GAMMA 10<span> </span></a></li> 51 <li><a <!--#if expr="$location = lochkarten" -->class="on"<!--#else -->href="/en/computer/punchcard.shtm"<!--#endif --> title="Punch card devices">Peripheral card devices<span> </span></a></li> 50 52 </ul> 51 53 </div></li> -
en/miscellaneous.shtm
r123 r124 14 14 <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/head.inc.shtm" --> 15 15 <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id: search.shtm 108 2009-08-19 17:20:00Z heribert $" /> 16 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="1 1.11.2009" />16 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="12.11.2009" /> 17 17 <meta name="t29.comment" content="Initial announcement" /> 18 18 </head> … … 22 22 <h2><!--#echo var="title" --></h2> 23 23 24 <p><i>This page hast not been translated yet. We'll inform you about 25 our pianola and our movie projector in just a few days, so keep an 26 eye on this page!</i></p> 24 <h3>Pianola</h3> 25 <p>The technikum29 is quite versatile – beside all the communication 26 and computer technology we also show very special exhibits: This is 27 a fully executable pianola, year of manufacture about 1910-1915.</p> 28 29 <p> 30 It's quite incredible to see these amazing marvels of technology, 31 concerning jukeboxes. They were typically made only of natural 32 materials like leather, gum, wood, bone glue, felt, metal, paper, 33 ivory and glas. 34 <br/>By assembling these elements on an intelligent way, you can 35 build a simple mechanical machine which is especially impressive 36 for today's people. Here at the technikum29, we will show you how 37 this device works, we will explain the basic functionality and 38 play challenging compositions. While having covers removed, you can 39 even see the fascinating mechanics working. 40 </p> 41 42 <div class="box center"> 43 <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/pianola.jpg" 44 alt="Picture of the Pianola" width="700" height="618" class="nomargin-bottom" /> 45 </div> 46 47 <h3>Movie projector</h3> 48 49 <div class="box left"> 50 <img src="/shared/photos/kommunikationstechnik/kinomaschine.dresden1.jpg" 51 alt="Photography of the movie projector Dresden 1" width="350" height="630" /> 52 </div> 53 54 <p>The technikum29 also features a movie projector from 1951 (there are 55 more and even older projectors from the 1930s that are stored in the 56 archive for lack of space).</p> 57 <p> 58 Movie projectors have always been very complex devices. At that time, 59 the bright picture projection was archived with an arc light which was 60 generated between two carbon pencils. The waste heat was piped via a 61 chimney pipe! <!-- stupid mode... --> 62 Since the pencils got shorter and shorter while the movie went on, they 63 had to be moved continously closer together for producing a constant 64 luminosity. Otherwise the light goes out. 65 <br/>We will repair this device to show you an original german 66 newsreel from the 1960s ("FOX TÖNENDE WOCHENSCHAU"). 67 </p> 27 68 28 69 </div><!-- end of content --> -
en/news.shtm
r123 r124 29 29 <ul class="news-feed"> 30 30 <li><h3>November 2009</h3> 31 We're about to publish the new page about<a class="go" href="miscellaneous.shtm">The Pianola and Miscellaneous</a>32 w ere you can see some highly interesting exhibits that neither match computer nor31 We're have published the new page <a class="go" href="miscellaneous.shtm">The Pianola and Miscellaneous</a> 32 where you can see some highly interesting exhibits that neither match computer nor 33 33 communication technology. 34 34 </li>
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