Changeset 68 in t29-www for en/computer
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- Dec 21, 2008, 12:11:49 AM (15 years ago)
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en/computer/analog.shtm
r56 r68 13 13 14 14 <!--#include virtual="/en/inc/head.inc.shtm" --> 15 <meta name="keywords" lang="de" content="Analogrechner, Hybridrechner, Telefunken, RAT 700" />16 <meta name="keywords" lang="en" content="analog computers, hyprid computers, telefunken, heathkit, rat 700, eai 180" />17 15 <meta name="DC.Title" content="technikum29 - <!--#echo var="title" -->" /> 18 <meta name=" DC.Subject" content="<!--#echo var="title" -->" />19 <meta name="t29.germanoriginal" content=" 03.2008/v5.7.19" />20 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="2 1.03.2008/v5.7.20" />16 <meta name="t29.SVN" content="$Id$" /> 17 <meta name="t29.germanoriginal" content="20.12.2008/v5.8.x" /> 18 <meta name="t29.thistranslation" content="20.12.2008/v5.8.x+1" /> 21 19 <!--changelog: 26.04.2006/v5.5.1, Original 2005/v4.1.1 --> 22 20 <!--changelog: 21.08.2007/v5.7.5 Original: 18.07.2007/v5.7FINAL:v5.7 Änderungen (Struktur), Synchronisation der Übersetzung --> 23 21 <!--changelog: 09.09.2007/v5.7.6, Original: 08.09.2007/v5.7.6: EAI 185/180 + DO 240 neu --> 24 <meta name="t29.comment" content=" EC-1 neu" />22 <meta name="t29.comment" content="New top pagaragphs translation, +ETA" /> 25 23 </head> 26 24 <body> … … 29 27 <h2><!--#echo var="title" --></h2> 30 28 31 <p>Analog computers were used for the calculation of mathematical, phycial and technical problems. They were especially capable of solving equations containing variables which are dependent on time or differential equations.</p> 29 <!-- Top paragraphs: Translation from 20.12.2008 --> 30 <p>Analog computers were used to compute mathematical, physical and 31 technical problems. They were especially capable of solving equations 32 containing variables that depend on time or differential equations.</p> 32 33 33 <p>Analog computers simulate the given problem by abstract it to a physical system which follows the same mathematical laws. This system is "plugged together" on a patch-board by using electronical networks which are situated in the computer's inner life (negators, summing unit, integrator, multiplier, function generator, etc.). Therewith even non-linear problems which differential equations which cannot be solved in a notation free of integrals can be solved with analog computers.</p> 34 <p>Analog computers simulate the given problem by abstracting it to a 35 physical system which follows the same mathematical laws. This 36 system is "plugged together" on a patch-board by using electronical 37 networks which are situated in the computer's inner life (negators, 38 summing unit, integrator, multiplier, function generator, etc.). Unlike 39 digital ones, analog computers don't count but measure (input) parameters. 40 Therewith even non-linear differential equations can be solved quickly 41 numerically. On the other hand, analog computers are not suitable for 42 solving literal equations and suitable for commercial calculations 43 not at all.</p> 34 44 35 <p>Among others, computer systems by Telefunken (1961-64) are installed. They draw awesome curves on a storage oscilloscope and xy plotter. They solve difficult problems quite quickly, but handing, programming (plug connections) and analysis is not easy.</p> 45 <p>All systems that yield the same mathematical model are called analog 46 systems among one another, disregarding their technical or physical origins. 47 The quality of the analogy of a system depends on the accuracy of 48 both approximation and output. According to the price the available 49 analog computers at that time highly differed from each other. 36 50 37 <!--alter Text: <p>Electronical analog computers solved mathematical equations that represented electrical networks which you had to plug ("programm") on the board. They were solved by the electrical simulation. Results were not numbers, but graphs (curves) that can be plotted with a writer or an oscilloscope.</p>--> 51 <p>Among others, computer systems by Telefunken (1961-64) are 52 installed. They draw awesome curves on a storage oscilloscope and 53 xy plotter. They solve difficult problems quite quickly, but handing, 54 programming (plug connections) and analysis is not easy.</p> 55 56 <!--alter Text: <p>Electronical analog computers solved mathematical 57 equations that represented electrical networks which you had to plug 58 ("programm") on the board. They were solved by the electrical simulation. 59 Results were not numbers, but graphs (curves) that can be plotted with a 60 writer or an oscilloscope.</p>--> 38 61 39 62 <h3>Heathkit Analog Computer H1</h3> 40 63 <div class="box center" style="margin-bottom: 0;"> 41 64 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/heathkit-analogrechner.jpg" width="493" height="337" alt="Heathkit Analog Computer H1" /> 42 <p>Heathkit, known for it's construction kits, developed an analoge computer in 1956 that was primary designed for education. This monster has 70 tubes, whereas 45 were placed external due to better cooling. It is equipped with 15 computing amplifiers.</p> 65 <p>Heathkit, known for it's construction kits, developed an analog 66 computer in 1956 that was primary designed for education. This 67 monster has 70 tubes, whereas 45 were placed external due to better 68 cooling. It is equipped with 15 computing amplifiers.</p> 43 69 </div> 44 70 … … 46 72 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/heathkit-ausschnitt.jpg" alt=" Heathkit Analog Computers H1" width="247" height="179" class="nomargin-bottom"/> 47 73 <div class="bildtext"> 48 It demonstrates archaic early technology from the first generation. We will refloat it and equipp it with a tube filled xy plotter 49 <p>The glimming tubes gives the cold technology an fantastic warmness.</p> 50 This device is a loan from the <a href="http://www.fitg.de/fitg_english/">FITG (Association for the promition of industrial and technological history)</a>. 74 It demonstrates archaic early technology from the first generation. 75 We have connected a compatible xy plotter equipped with tubes, too. 76 <br/>This device is a loan from the <a 77 href="http://www.fitg.de/fitg_english/">FITG (Association for the 78 promition of industrial and technological history)</a>. 51 79 </div> 52 80 <div class="clear"> </div> … … 56 84 <h3>Heathkit Analog Computer EC-1</h3> 57 85 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/heathkit EC-1.jpg" width="365" height="256" alt="Heathkit EC-1" /> 58 <p>This is a very small analog computer that was designed for educational purpose. It was built since 1960 and 59 was equipped with only 17 tubes (whereas 5 were used for stabilisation of voltage). With such a sparse 60 equipment the device is just good enough to yield the function of an analog computer – it is too 61 inexactly to be used for real computing.</p> 86 <p>This is a very small analog computer that was designed for 87 educational purpose. It was built since 1960 and was equipped 88 with only 17 tubes (whereas 5 were used for stabilisation of 89 voltage). With such a sparse equipment the device is just good 90 enough to yield the function of an analog computer – it is too 91 inexactly to be used for real computing. 92 <br/>This device costed around 1.900 DM (about 900 Euro/500US$) </p> 62 93 63 94 <div class="clear"> </div> … … 68 99 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/telefunken_rat700.jpg" width="291" height="917" alt="Telefunken RAT 700" class="nomargin-bottom" /> 69 100 <div class="bildtext"> 70 The image shows the <b>Telefunkten RAT 700</b> in the bottom (first model from 1961), above a part from the 71 successor. On the new model you can change the whole patch board and thus change prgorams quickly. 72 <br/>When it's running, you hear an undetermined buzzing (400 Hz), due to the mechanical chopper 73 that change direct voltage in alternating voltage. That was the only chance to disable the 74 disturbing termeratre drift (Changing of the germanium transistor parameters). 101 The image shows the <b>Telefunkten RAT 700</b> in the bottom (first 102 model from 1961), above a part from the successor. On the new model 103 you can change the whole patch board and thus change prgorams quickly. 104 <br/>When it's running, you hear an undetermined buzzing (400 Hz), due 105 to the mechanical chopper that change direct voltage in alternating 106 voltage. That was the only chance to disable the disturbing termeratre 107 drift (Changing of the germanium transistor parameters). Principally, 108 direct voltage is amlified by using choppers still today, but of course 109 they are made with electronic components. 75 110 </div> 76 <div class="clear"> </div>77 111 </div> 78 112 113 <div class="box center" style="margin-right: 291px"> 114 <h3>GTE Analogrechner EA22</h3> 115 <img src="/shared/photos/rechnertechnik/gte-analogrechner.jpg" width="310" height="336" title="GTE Analog computer EA22" /> 116 <p> 117 It's quite remarkable that the EA22 from GTE looks like the Telefunken 118 computers. But unlike the competitive products, the GTE computer is 119 equipped with more computing amplifiers (22 units), has a much clearer 120 system design and is therefore much easier to maintain. 121 This analog computer was build in the early 1960s. 122 </p> 123 </div> 124 125 <div class="clear"> </div> 79 126 <div class="box center"> 80 127 <h3>EAI 180 digital-anloge computer</h3>
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